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The Vampire (novella)
''The Vampire'' ((ロシア語:Упырь), ''Oupyr'') is a gothic novella by Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, first published in Saint Petersburg in 1841 under the pseudonym of Krasnorogsky.
==Background==
The inspiration for the story was Tolstoy's reminiscences of his stay in Como, Italy, in 1838. He wrote of this to his wife in April 1872, mentioning the villa Remondi, a girl named Pepina and other details.〔 On April 9, 1841, Tolstoy read ''The Vampire'' at Vladimir Sollogub's; the reading was mentioned by Pyotr Pletnyov in a letter to Yakov Grot.〔The Yakov Grot and Pyotr Pletnyov Correspondence. Vol.I, Saint Petersburg. 1896, р.313〕 In early May 1841 Tolstoy sent the manuscript to censor Aleksandr Nikitenko to be reviewed. On May 15 he was granted permission to publish it.〔
The novella was poorly received by critics, discouraging Tolstoy from publishing three other vampire-themed works that he had written at the time. One of these, a story titled "Amena" was published in 1846, while the other two were only published posthumously.〔 Tolstoy's writing on the subject of vampires was at least partly influenced by ''The Vampyre'' by John William Polidori, which had been published in Russian translation in Moscow in 1828.
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